The super model tiffany livingston was validated by the experiment where accuracy was 27

The super model tiffany livingston was validated by the experiment where accuracy was 27.8% (5/18). Table 2. Results of testing. were used to validate and modify the basic templates to derive the most suitable pharmaphore model of CYP1A2. pharmaphore model was chosen to virtually screen the herbal data (a curated database of 989 herbal compounds). Then the hits (147 herbal compounds) were continued to be filtered by a docking process, and were SR1001 tested successively. Finally, five of eighteen candidate compounds (272, 284, 300, 616 and 817) were found to have inhibition of CYP1A2 activity. The model developed in our study is efficient for screening of large herbal databases in the identification of CYP1A2 inhibitors. It will play an important role to prevent the risk of herbCdrug interactions at an early stage of the drug development process. is usually important and thus many herbal medicines were tested by scientists [14C16]. However, the number of herbal medicines is usually large. Traditional screening technologies such as testing each herbal medicine to enzyme or would not only be costly, but also inefficient. Recently, several attempts in the application of computational SR1001 models for CYP1A2 ligand binding have been reported, reflecting the desire of early identification of CYP1A2 inhibitors [17C22]. Taesung Moon to determine their inhibitory effect on CYP1A2. The model developed here is efficient for virtual screening of large herbal databases for identification of CYP1A2 inhibitors, and it will play an important role to prevent the risk of herbCdrug interactions at an early stage of the drug development process. 2.?Results and Discussion 2.1. Pharmacophore Models For the pharmacophore screening, the key step was to choose a good template molecule. In this study, several template molecules (Physique 1) could be obtained to generate the pharmacophore: (1) the LEF1 antibody substrates extracted from complex structures of CYP1A2 and its homologous enzymes; and (2) inhibitors reported in the literature [24]. Different template molecules based on individual or integrated information above were used to generate the pharmacophores. Then up to 202 different herb integrants tested by our group were used as the test dataset (supplement Table 2). The molecular structure of selected template was shown in Physique 2. Finally, the pharmacophore model was obtained (Physique 3). The true positive rate and true unfavorable rate of the best pharmacophore model were 84.6% (11/13) and 86.8% (164/189), respectively. Other results of different pharmacophore models are also shown in Table 1 as a comparison. Open in a separate window Physique 1. Molecular structure of the template molecules used in this work. Open in a separate window Physique 2. The molecular structure of selected template by superposing three bifonazole in three different conformations. Open in a separate window Physique 3. The SR1001 final pharmacophore of CYP1A2. F1CF3: Aro|Hyd; F4: PiN; F5: Aro|PiN|Hyd|Cat|Acc|Don; V1: Exterior Volume; V2CV8: Excluded Volume. Table 1. The results of different pharmacophore models. recently [24]. In addition, our work also indicated that it was important to collect some unfavorable data in the building of pharmacophore, since excluded volume of the pharmacophore was built on SR1001 the unfavorable data. Also the building of excluded volume SR1001 is the key to increase the true unfavorable rate. However, this step was often ignored by former research groups. Finally, 147 hits were filtered out by the selected pharmacophore model from 989 compounds, which were separated from various herbs collected in our group. Formerly, compounds in Chinese Nature Products Database (CNPD v.2004.1) [30] were also screened by using this pharmacophore model. Unfortunately, this research had to be forgotten because hits in CNPD were unavailable. 2.2. Docking Results Admittedly, two challenges in the field of molecular docking still exist: (1) ligand placement in active site, and (2) scoring of docked poses [31,32]. However, compared with the semi-quantitative method of the pharmacophore model, molecular.